keeping frogs in Australia

Before you get your frog

Licencing

In most states frogs and tadpoles are protected and you need a licence to keep any in captivity. Every state in Australia has its own rules and regulations, so you will have to check with your state authorities before getting a frog.

For further information about your state rules visit ‘Licences and frog keeping information ‘.

Frog characteristics

Frogs are not like other pets. They have several characteristics that set them apart. These include:

  • most frogs do not enjoy being handled.
  • frogs are nocturnal and will remain hidden throughout the day
  • frogs can be very noisy during their breeding season

Frog requirements

A captive frog’s home must replicate its natural environment as closely as possible. This includes monitoring the temperature, daylight and humidity ranges of your frog’s enclosure. Frogs also need suitable shelter and live food such as insects. Do not feed your frogs any insect that may have been in contact with any insecticides and do not let your frog come into contact with any chemicals (especially cleaning products).

For further information about caring for your frog visit ‘Licences and frog keeping information ‘.

Where do I get my frog from?

In Australia it is illegal to take a frog from the wild (this includes your property). Where you get your frog from will depend on which state you live in. Places to get frogs from include herpetological societies, private breeders, wildlife rescue groups and pet stores. For further information about where you can get frogs from in your state visit ‘Licences and frog keeping information ‘.

Long term Commitment

Remember – a frog is a long term commitment. Frogs can live for over 20 years in captivity. If you decide to become a frog owner you must be willing to accept the responsibility of providing the best care you can for the life of your frog.

Tadpoles

Tadpoles are easier to keep than adult frogs. Their basic requirements include:

  • a container that is kept in a warm place without too much exposure to direct sunlight.
  • sloping rocks to climb onto when they turn into frogs.
  • clean water that is changed at least once a week. If you are using tap water, it needs to be treated to remove chemicals such as chlorine.
  • plant food such as boiled lettuce. Uneaten food should be removed, as it will contaminate the water.

This list above serves as a basic guide only. Please make sure to consult more detailed sources of information on raising tadpoles if you wish to keep them.

Like frogs the rules about keeping tadpoles depend on what state you live in. For further information about your state rules visit ‘Licences and frog keeping information ‘.

Licences and frog keeping information for each state

Each state in Australia has its own regulations about keeping frogs. Use this list to check the rules of your state authority.

New South Wales

New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service
Keeping frogs or tadpoles
http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/Frog+keepers+licence

Frog and Tadpole Study Group
So you want a frog as a pet?
http://www.fats.org.au/frogs/captive.html

Australian Capital Territory

Licencing of plants and animals
http://www.environment.act.gov.au/nativeplantsandanimals/licplantanim.html

Queensland

Queensland Government – Plants and animals
Recreational wildlife licence
http://www.env.qld.gov.au/ecoaccess/plants_and_animals/

Queensland Museum
Keeping frogs in captivity
http://www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au/features/frogs/attracting_captivity.asp

Raising tadpoles
http://www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au/features/frogs/attracting_tadpoles.asp

Frog Decline Reversal Project, Inc.
Information on keeping frogs
http://www.fdrproject.org/pages/POtads.htm

Victoria

Department of sustainability and environment
Choose ‘Private Wildlife Licence Application’
http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/dse/nrenpa.nsf/LinkView/
05BDD86A5166A6514A256896001CF6AEB1BECDD7C74958EE4A2567D7000250FE

Amphibian Research Centre
Keeping frogs
http://frogs.org.au/arc/frogs.html

Licensing
http://frogs.org.au/arc/legal.html

South Australia

Department for Environment and Heritage
Fauna permits
http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/parks/fauna_permits/introduction.html

Western Australia

Department of Conservation and Land Management
Keeping reptiles and amphibians as pets
http://www.calm.wa.gov.au/plants_animals/reptiles/index.html

Keeping advice for tree frogs
http://www.calm.wa.gov.au/plants_animals/reptiles/advice/tree_frogs.html

Tasmania

Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment
Scroll down to the herpetology permit
http://www.dpiwe.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Topics/LVAE-55535W?open

Landcare Education Tasmania
Keeping tadpoles
http://www.discover.tased.edu.au/landcare/leapfrog/Keeping%20Tadpoles.htm

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care for frogs and toads

Frogs and toads are probably two of the most instantly recognised characters in the British countryside, but while our native species aren’t really suited to life in the terrarium, there are plenty of others to choose from which can make good pets.

Housing Frogs And Toads

As always, the type of home needed depends on where the animal comes from and the sort of life it naturally leads.  As a result the frog or toad tank may have to be a water-filled aquarium, a replica of a rainforest floor or a passable imitation of a pond and wetland and range from a cool room temperature to 25 degrees C (77F) or more.

 

The common name of an animal can often give a clue as to the type of housing needed; “frogs” tend to be applied to more active animals which need both water and land, while “toads” generally are less jumpy and live more terrestrial lives.  However, it isn’t fool proof – and falls down with two of the most commonly kept examples;  the Clawed “Toad” (Xenopus laevis) is entirely aquatic, while Tree “Frogs” (Hyla sp.) obviously live a climbing life. Never-the-less, it can sometimes be a bit of a guide, especially for a species which is new to you – but don’t rely on it completely!

Good research is the key to making sure you provide appropriate housing for your frogs and toads.

Heating And Humidity

With these engaging amphibians found across the world, and from northern Europe to the equator, as you might expect, there’s considerable variance when it comes to how warm their tank needs to be. Your supplier should be able to give you appropriate advice both in terms of the most suitable temperature range and the best kind of heating system for achieving it – if required.  Unlike reptiles, frogs and toads don’t go in for much basking, so there’s seldom any need to provide a hot-spot.

 

Although there are sometimes desert species available, in general the frogs and toads sold as exotic pets need moist surroundings – and in some cases, excessively so! Provide a water dish, ideally large enough for the occasional swim, mist regularly and most of these amphibians will be happy. However, since like most of their brethren, frogs are prone to both fungal and bacterial infections, don’t overdo things and keep a careful eye out for any signs of mould. Keeping your tank clean and fungus-free is one of the biggest factors in ensuring your pets stay healthy – and it can be a challenge.

Food And Feeding

Frogs and toads are fully-paid up carnivores and like the rest of their amphibian relatives, it’s the movement of the prey which attracts them. The size of the food obviously depends on the animal – and although some species are a bit specialised in what they eat, the ones seen in pet shops tend to be fairly easy going in their tastes.

 

Typical standbys such as crickets, locusts and mealworms will normally be taken happily, though it’s a good idea to augment their diets with as many wild-caught worms, woodlice, slugs and insects as you can – but do be careful only to hunt in areas you know are free of pesticides.

However, some of the larger species will need bigger meals. For the big boys of the frog world – the likes of the African Bullfrog (Pyxiecephalus adspersus) or any of the many kinds of Horned Frog ( Ceratophrys sp.) – dead  “pinkie” mice can be used, but you’ll probably have to wave them in front of your frogs with a set of blunt tweezers to get them to bite.

A word of warning about Ceratophrys; these animals have a frightening appetite, a wide taste in prey and a mouth like a flip-top bin. They’ll happily eat anything smaller than themselves, so keep them singly – they are not above making a meal out of each other!

Like the rest of their relatives, frogs and toads don’t make great pets for handling, but the larger and drier kinds do tolerate being handled a little – though since they are often equipped with defensive skin secretions, washing your hands afterwards is a must.  Never-the-less, with one or two notable exceptions, such as Ceratophrys, they make gentle subjects for the vivarium – and even the Horned Frog redeems himself with those wonderful markings.

Frogs and toads have an endearing quality all of their own – and if they appeal, there’s no shortage of types to choose from.

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KEEPING FROGS

Your First Frog



So, you want to get a pet frog….
Before you run out to the nearest pet
store or pond there are several things you should consider.
Getting a frog
shouldn’t be considered all that different from getting a cat or dog. It can be
a lot of work, and you need to think about what you’re going to do when you skip
town for a week, and so forth.
Also, frogs aren’t like goldfish in that they
can live for a very very long time! Don’t believe me? check out some of these statistics of longevity of frogs in
captivity
!
You may need a special license
to keep frogs in some countries. I hear that in Australia it is actually very
difficult to obtain an amphibian license, and people who keep frogs
without such a license can get fined heavily for it. You should definitely check
to see if there are any special laws pertaining to keeping frogs in your area
before you get one as a pet!
Here’s a few things to consider when making
choices:

 

Frogs Can Be a Lot of Work

Frogs need to be fed on a regular
basis. Keep in mind where your food source is going to be. Generally speaking,
this isn’t going to be as easy as picking up a package at your local grocery
store! In addition, if you get a frog that eats live bugs, expect to have a few
stray bugs running around the house now and then! The larger frogs can be even
more work…Many of the larger species feed on mice and this can be a less than
fun experience if you aren’t prepared for it! Frog tanks need to be well cleaned
to prevent illness. For more information on this topic, visit the Frog Doctor page to read about frog health. Also, keep in
mind that each pet has special needs for Housing. You can read about setting up
a terrarium for your pets in the Housing Your
Pet Frog
page.

 

Active Frogs

Probably one of the biggest mistakes I hear about
is people who go out and buy a “cool-looking” frog which then proceeds to eat,
sleep, and generally sit like a lump of clay. The reality is, a lot of frogs
don’t really do much, and they aren’t exactly something you can snuggle up with
either, so you need to keep that in mind when choosing an appropriate pet. Frogs
may be cute or grotesque, but you can’t teach them tricks, take them for walks,
or make them speak on command. Frogs which aren’t particularly active will
quickly become a boring pet. The novelty will wear off and you’ll be left with a
blob that eats a lot. When looking for a pet frog, particularly for the
beginner, I strongly urge you to choose ACTIVE breeds. This means, search for a
species that doesn’t just sit around all day. Aquatic frogs, certain treefrogs,
and the less “fat” frogs are better choices.

 

Never get a Frog You Don’t Know

There are many many species of
frogs, and many have very individualized pet care needs. Some frogs need to
hibernate during the winter, others do not. The pet care needs will change
everything from what you need as far as tank set-up to what you have to feed
them. In addition, many frogs look really really cute in the stores, and then
you bring them home and in a few months they’ve grown in monstrous proportions
and it isn’t nearly as nice as you thought it was going to be:
A personal
example:
I saw the cutest little frogs in the pet store called “Pixie
frogs”- wow! They were these tiny little green things (almost an inch long in
size) and even their name was cute….
The next day I went to an Annual
Reptile and Amphibian show that took place at out local Science And Industry
Museum…there I saw that those same sweet little frogs that I saw in the pet
store the day before GROW to become these incredibly FAT frogs about 8 inches
long!!!!! That means those cute things would have been eating mice and big ol’
bugs and such…something I was utterly UNprepared for!!!
The Pixie Frog is a
nickname for their Latin name, (Pyxicephalus adspersus), Their common
name turns out to be The African
Bullfrog
.
So, the moral of this story is, find out about the frog you
want to get BEFORE you get it!

 

Frog Sitters

Your frog, if well cared for, should live for a
very long time! That means you’re going to run into the same problem everyone
with pets runs into whenever they go out of town for vacations…”Who’s gonna
care for my pet while I’m away??”
Unlike feeding a few flakes to a goldfish,
the idea of live bugs isn’t very appealing to most people who haven’t been as
enlightened about frogs as you and I have! In some cases, you can convince a
“frog sitter” to care for your frogs if they don’t actually have to touch
the bugs. (You can read about how to make ick-free cricket containers on my Dealing With Bugs page.) So, if you plan on getting a frog,
plan ahead as to how vacations will be handled.

  • Frog Sitters in the
    Lansing, Michigan area

    Recommended Frogs for Beginners

     

     

    For the first frog encounter, I
    strongly recommend the African Dwarf Frog.
    These guys are small, active, cute, and about as difficult to maintain as a tank
    of goldfish. You also don’t have to deal with live bugs and they can be kept in
    the same conditions as goldfish for extended periods of time…(as long as there
    is a cover!) Dwarf frogs are very easy to take care of once they’ve become used
    to their new home. As with all fish, expect the first couple of weeks for
    adaptation time (many times pet stores will sell frogs that are already sick, or
    that are very very small and which may be a bit fragile in the first couple of
    weeks.) My sister had terrible luck with the baby frogs until she learned to
    wait for 2 weeks before she names her new pet (Usually, by then you can tell if
    the frogs will make the long haul) The best recommendation here is to get them
    at a decent size. Avoid really skinny ones or ones that are as small as your
    pinky-nail. In addition, if the frog doesn’t give the pet shop owner a really
    hard time when the net goes into the tank, it may indicate some initial signs of
    being in less than perfect condition.
    Don’t confuse these with African Clawed frogs, which look very
    similar when small. The clawed frogs get quite large and actually are illegal in
    some states (Like in Oregon and California!)For a beginning frog owner who wants to get the full terrestrial frog
    experience, Oriental Firebellied
    Toads
    are an excellent choice. These guys are fairly simple to care for, in
    so far as they can survive fairly well off crickets with vitamin supplements,
    and they are incredibly active critters. They also don’t get too large. Finally,
    there are no hibernation requirements for this species and they do well in
    temperatures that people generally are happy to have in their homes. Unless you
    live in an icebox or in extremely hot climates, this species of frog won’t need
    special climatization for it’s terrarium. You’ll need to find someone who can
    handle crickets when you go away on vacation for a week or more to take care of
    them though, but keep in mind crickets are much easier than frozen mice!
    (Finding a frog sitter for my Firebellies proved to be fairly difficult for me,
    until I found a friend who actually works at the pet store where I buy
    the crickets and he was nice enough to take care of them for me while I was out
    of town!)A good Tree Frog for beginners is the White’s Tree Frog. This frog has a funny
    personality and seems to be quite a popular pick. It should be warned however,
    that some children bore of the whites tree frog despite its funny personality,
    simply because they tend to just sit around a lot. (Once I even got a letter
    that said “Whites Tree Frog-What a blob of nothing!”) Much of the behavior of
    the frogs however, can be traced to how much they eat (and how fat they get!).
    In addition, the Whites Tree frog is one of the few frogs that is fit to
    occasionally be handled, and it certainly has warmed the heart of many frog
    enthusiasts!
    In addition to dealing with crickets, the Whites tree frogs need
    a little more care than the Firebellies need, simply because they live best with
    humidity and are happiest when the tank is sprayed with water once or twice
    every day. However, as far as Tree-Frogs go, they are by far one of the easiest
    to deal with and hardiest species available to be kept as pets! 

    Frogs NOT Recommended for the Beginner

    Poison Frogs are absolutely NOT a beginners
    frog. Even though these frogs lose their toxicity in captivity, their care is
    very complicated and these fragile beings have very specific requirements for
    healthy captivity. I don’t even want to write up any care sheets because I
    myself am not expert enough to tackle the complicated procedures for proper care
    of such breeds.

    Expensive frogs in general should not be a frog considered by the beginner
    because a frog that costs over 50 bucks is a high investment to make when you
    are still learning about frog care. Even if you’ve read all there is to read
    about frog care, you really ought to start with an easier breed before taking on
    the more expensive breeds like Red-Eyed TreeFrogs and such.

    Frogs captured in the wild should be a frog that you KNOW, otherwise you take
    the risk of not knowing the proper temperatures, diet, etc. I often am asked
    about frogs that naturally appeared in an outdoor pond where weather patterns
    lead to pond ice-overs. I don’t think it’s a good idea to “save” frogs from an
    environment where they naturally occurred in the first place. I suspect that the
    types of frogs that appear in such climates probably hibernate in the colder
    months.

    Frogs that get FAT, like Horned (Pacman)
    frogs
    , Budgettes Toads, and Bullfrogs can get to be pretty boring as pets
    for the beginner. The Budgettes toad can also pack a good wallop of a bite when
    it’s full grown, so watch those fingers! This doesn’t mean you absolutely should
    not get some of these for pets, (Pac Man Frogs, for example, while somewhat
    “boring” to some, are also very hearty and not as prone to the usual frailties
    of other types of frogs) but I’d really think carefully about how long you’re
    going to retain interest in this type of frog before you’ve made any sort
    of commitment by going out and getting such a pet….